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Treat chronic pain conditions (e.g., neck and back pain, headaches, fibromyalgia, sports and occupational-related injuries), and cancer-related symptoms. Provide comprehensive care, emphasizing health promotion, disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Patient education, medication adjustments, trigger point injections, acupuncture, acupressure, therapeutic massage, dietary and herbal counseling, and mind-body exercises. 00Z2Z" nBased on Submitted PaperRon D. Hays, Marc Brodsky, M. Francis Johnston, Karen L. Spritzer, Ka-Kit Hui Evaluating Health-Related Quality of Life Change in Individual Patients Submitted to Evaluation and the Health Professions:3N U%,9 {Methods54 patients Average age = 56; 84% white; 58% female Self-administered SF-36 version 2 at baseline and about at end of therapy (about 6 weeks later). >  (" a " NSF-36 Version 2  Physical functioning (10 items) Role limitations/physical (4 items) Pain (2 items) General health perceptions (5 items) Social functioning (2 items) Energy/fatigue (4 items) Role limitations/emotional (3 items) Emotional well-being (5 items) 0ZKScoring the SF-36Average or sum all items in the same scale. Transform average or sum to 0 (worse) to 100 (best) possible range z-score (mean = 0, SD = 1) T-score (mean = 50, SD = 10) T-score = 50 + (z-score * 10) ,@d` " ,`  (Internal Consistency Reliability Formula SF-36 Reliability Estimates  >Physical Health? Mental HealthSF-36 Version 2 PCS and MCScPCS_z = (PF_z * .42402) + (RP_z * .35119) + (BP_z * .31754) + (GH_z * .24954) + (EF_z * .02877) + (SF_z * -.00753) + (RE_z * -.19206) + (EW_z * -.22069) MCS_z = (PF_z * -.22999) + (RP_z * -.12329) + (BP_z * -.09731) + (GH_z * -.01571) + (EF_z * .23534) + (SF_z * .26876) + (RE_z * .43407) + (EW_z * .48581) P  #Reliability of SF-36 Summary Scores"SF-36 PCS = 0.94 SF-36 MCS = 0.93 Analysis Plan* Comparison on SF-36 physical functioning and emotional well-being scale scores with other samples * Significance of: - Within group change - Within individual change t-test for within group change XD/(SDd/n ) gHoHgHoHgHoHgHC0.Formulas for Significance of Individual Change//  $Estimated True Score for Score of 60tMean + reliability (score  mean) 50 + 0.90 (60  50) = 59;8Reliable Change Index.X2  X1/ SEM * SQRT (2)@)Minimum Delta for Individual SignificanceTSEM: > 1.96 SEM RCI: > 1.96 * SQRT (2) * SEM SEp-90: > 1.64 SEp; SEp-95: > 1.96 SEpH.   Change in SF-36 Scores Over TimeSignificance of Group Change  AAmount of Change in Observed Score Needed for Significant Change  .Proportion of 54 Cases Declining Significantly    Questions   BibliographyBauer, S., Lambert, M. J., & Nielsen, S. L. (2004). Clinical significance methods: A comparison of statistical techniques. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82, 60-70. Dudek, F. J. (1979). The continuing misinterpretation of the standard error of measurement. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 335-337. Ferguson, R. J., Robinson, A. B., & Splaine, M. (2002). Use of the reliable change index to evaluate clinical significance in SF-36 outcomes. Quality of Life Research, 11, 509-516. Hsu, L. M. (1989). Reliable changes in psychotherapy: Taking into account regression toward the mean. Behavioral Assessment, 11, 459-467. Jacobson, N. S., Follette, W. C., & Revenstorf, D. (1984). Toward a standard definition of clinically significant change. Behavior Therapy, 17, 308-311. Speer, D. C., & Greenbaum, P. E. (1995). Five methods for computing significant individual client change and improvement rates: Support for an individual growth curve approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 1044-1048. 2Z~"!"""h"""","""""""""-"""""b*  } /p*P ` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@$?" dddd%Ph% -@%K 8%-d n?" dd@   @@``PN  @ ` ` p>> " |(  | |  ft!zxaxa1 ?KGu z 9Title "| |  `!zxaxa1 ? z tMargin text Margin text First level bullet First level dash Second level bullet Second level dash First level bullet$ u" |  `4"z 8c 8c8c? a* *&Kh z"B | s *f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L Royal blue 0 @g(    TTVIVI ?j"   w* 888TTpp  TVIVI ? "  y* 888TTpp  ZVIVI ?j   w* 888TTpp  ZtVIVI ?   y* 888TTpp;  Tvb<vb< ? G  SClick to edit Master notes styles Second Level Third Level Fourth Level Fifth Level"     Tp  01 ?+9  H  0%j9? ? a( 0 L( g    TVIVI ?j"   _* 888TTpp  TVIVI ? 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T0.85 e @ V  ZD8c?P .  cSocial functioning  g @ U  Z8c? 0  T0.83 e @ T  Zd8c?P  jGeneral health perceptions g @ S  Z8c? 00 T0.87 e @ R  Z$8c?P0  UPain  g @ Q  Z8c? G00 T0.93 e @ P  Z8c?PG 0 ~.Role limitations--physical health problems  //g @ O  ZD8c? 0G T0.94 e @ N  ZOf8c?P G dPhysical functioning g @ M  Z$Pf8c? 0 WAlpha"g @ L  ZPf8c?P  WScale"g @xB b  Ho ?P0rB c  B1 ?P0rB d  B1 ?PG0GrB e  B1 ?P000rB f  B1 ?P0rB g  B1 ?P 0 rB h  B1 ?P. 0. rB i  B1 ?P 0 rB j  B1 ?Pk0kxB m  Ho ?P0xB n  Ho ?PPrB o  B1 ?  xB p  Ho ?00H  0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L  0( \(  \2 \ BPf1? J" "    \ ZQfxaxa1?  _Physical Health Z   \ ZdRfxaxa1?D @,p cPhysical function"8Z2   \ Z$Sfxaxa1?D  p hRole function-physical"8Z2   \ ZSfxaxa1?D H 4p VPain"8Z2   \ ZDTfxaxa1?D p `General Health"8Z2  ^B \@ 6Ԕ?$r 0 ^B  \ 6Ԕ?00 ^B  \@ 6Ԕ?N : $ ^B  \ 6Ԕ? 0 r  \ S Tf|KGu   H \ 0f޽h ? JKԟ{ y   g_ `(  `2 ` BUf1?t L$ "    ` ZUfxaxa1? a ] Mental Health Z   ` ZVfxaxa1?$ pP fEmotional Well-Being"8Z2   ` ZDWfxaxa1?$ O P iRole function-emotional"8Z2   ` ZWfxaxa1?$ . eP XEnergy"8Z2   ` ZdXfxaxa1?$ 7P aSocial function"8Z2  jB `@ B33>?r  jB  ` B33>? jB  `@ B33>?|N :  jB  ` B33>?p  r  ` S Xf|KGu   H ` 0f޽h ? JKԟ{ y   T 0(  T x T c $$Yf|KGu   x T c $Yf|  H T 0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0Lo   (     ZZf 8c 8c ?L1 }%Formula for Reliability of Composite  &_&$d  <A?^  6? @` ^  6? 0 ^  6?0^  6? ``d  <A?  H  0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L  0\ $(  \ r \ S [f|KGu  f r \ S d[f| f H \ 0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L  @ $(   r  S $f|KGu  f r  S f| f H  0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0LZ   P (   r  S Df|KGu  f r  S f|  f n  Zf8c?  @XD = is mean difference, SDd = standard deviation of difference fA$,$,"$%H  0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L  `D (   r  S df|KGu  f  b   D  #""@@@p 0  T$f8c?P   Time 1 +- 2 SEp  g  @ /  Zf8c?P   SEp CI around Time 1 scoree @ .  Tf8c?P  _Time 1 +- 2 SEM g @ -  Zdf8c?P  hSEM CI around Time 1 scoree @ *  T$f8c? SDb * (1- reliability2)1/2gogogo @% )  Zf8c? #Standard error of prediction (SEp) $$e @U (  Tf8c? SDb * (1- reliability)1/2fgogo @ '  Zdf8c? q#Standard error of measurement (SEM)$$e @xB 1  Ho ?rB 2  B1 ?rB 3  B1 ?rB 5  B1 ?P P xB 6  Ho ?  xB 7  Ho ? rB 8  B1 ? xB 9  Ho ? v = N8c?+ A%+E @ Z$f8c?  %SDb = standard deviation at baseline N&dl"d@# HH  0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L  D $(  D r D S f|KGu  f r D S Df| f H D 0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L  H $(  H r H S f|KGu  j r H S df| j H H 0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L 2*@ (  @  @  fTujxaxa1 ?PE ^.Formulas for Significance of Individual Change// t p @  `#"&@@@@p> @  Tuj8c?  X2-X1/|gogog @ @  Ztvj8c?p  cReliable change indexe @ @  T4wj8c? P   BMean + reliability (score  mean) ""g @ @  Zwj8c?pP  bEstimated true scoree @ @  Txj8c? P   1.96* SDb * (1- reliability2)1/2!gogogo @  @  Ztyj8c?p P  r SEp 95% CI e @  @  T4zj8c?   1.64* SDb * (1- reliability2)1/2!gogogo @  @  Zzj8c?p  r SEp 90% CI e @d  @  T{j8c?   1.96 * SDb * (1- reliability)1/2f! gogo @  @  Zt|j8c?p  X SEM 95% CI e @xB @  Ho ?prB @  B1 ?prB @  B1 ?prB @  B1 ?pP P rB @  B1 ?p  xB @  Ho ?pxB @  Ho ?pprB @  B1 ?  xB @  Ho ?v @ N8c? J% @  c &A ??` o x dE @ Z4}j8c? %SDb = standard deviation at baseline N&dl"d@# HH @ 0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L  h $(  h r h S }j|KGu  j r h S }j| j H h 0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0Lm  (   y  ZjUU? J qPhysical Functioning and Emotional Well-Being at Baseline for 54 Patients at UCLA-Center for East West Medicine 0rp$ r  HH     ZA ??jX $ 00   Ttjxaxa?y  0Hays et al. (2000), American Journal of Medicine&1 1 H  0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L     M (  r  S j|KGu  j  0 BA ?|  j  T4j8c?  F0.13& K2  Tj8c? p  F0.35& K2  Tj8c?  F0.35& K2  Tfj8c? @  F0.21& K2  Ttfj8c?  p  F0.53& K2   Tfj8c? p  F0.36& K2   T4gj8c?   F0.11& K2   Tgj8c? 0 F0.41& K2   Tgj8c?  F0.24& K2   TThj8c? x( F0.30& K2  Tij8c?`PG M Effect Size& (K2 H  0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L?,  ++@B +(   r  S tij|KGu  j *~ 8 B 8#">2  0  Zij8c? -.0067 @ /  Z4jj8c?  ,2.82 @ .  Zjj8c?p  +3.9 @ -  Zjj8c?8p +MCS @ ,  ZTkj8c?  -.0021 @ +  Zkj8c?  ,3.23 @ *  Zlj8c?p  +2.8 @ )  Ztlj8c?8 p +PCS @ (  Zlj8c?h   -.0023 @ '  Z4mj8c? h   ,3.20 @ &  Zmj8c?ph  +4.3 @ %  Zmj8c?8h p  -EWB-5 @ $  Znj8c?5 h  0.3400 <- @ #  Zoj8c? 5 h  ,0.96 @ "  Ztoj8c?p5 h  +1.5 @ !  Zoj8c?85 ph  ,RE-3 @    Z4pj8c? 5  -.0009 @   Zpj8c?  5  ,3.51 @   Zpj8c?p 5  +4.7 @   ZTqj8c?8 p5  ,SF-2 @   Zqj8c?  -.0001 @   Z_n8c?   ,4.33 @   Z_n8c?p   +5.1 @   ZD`n8c?8p  ,EN-4 @   Z`n8c? -.0061 @   Zan8c?  ,2.86 @   Zdan8c?p  +2.4 @   Zan8c?8p ,GH-5 @   Z$bn8c?i -.0125 @   Zbn8c? i ,2.59 @   Zbn8c?pi  +3.6 @   ZDcn8c?8ip ,BP-2 @   Zcn8c?6i -.0004 @   Zdn8c? 6i ,3.81 @   Zddn8c?p6 i +4.1 @    Zdn8c?86pi ,RP-4 @    Z$en8c?6 -.0208 @    Zen8c? 6 ,2.38 @    Zen8c?p 6 +1.7 @    ZDfn8c?8p6 -PF-10 @   Zfn8c? -prob. @   Zgn8c?  .t-test @   Zdgn8c?p  -Delta @   Zgn8c?8p 2  @xB 1  Ho ?8rB 2  B1 ?8rB 3  B1 ?866rB 4  B1 ?8iirB 5  B1 ?8rB 6  B1 ?8rB 7  B1 ?8  rB 8  B1 ?85 5 rB 9  B1 ?8h h rB :  B1 ?8  rB ;  B1 ?8xB <  Ho ?8xB =  Ho ?88rB >  B1 ?pprB ?  B1 ?  rB @  B1 ?xB A  Ho ?H  0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L?  ??X 4?(   r  S $hn|P  j >~ @  @#">2    Zhn8c?8 - 9.7 @   Zhn8c?8 - 7.1 @   ZDin8c?b 8 ,13.4 @   Zin8c?/ 8b  - 9.7 @   Zjn8c? 8/  ,13.8 @ }  Zdjn8c? 8  ,12.8 @ {  Zjn8c?8  ,13.0 @ y  Z$kn8c?c8 ,10.4 @ w  Zj8c?08c - 8.4 @ u  Z$j8c?80 - 8.4 @ s  Zj8c?8 +RCI @ o  ZDj8c?8 M 0.52-0.73  @ m  Zj8c?8 M 0.43-0.62  @ k  Zj8c?8b  M 0.90-1.26  @ i  Zj8c?8/ b  M 0.50-0.71  @ g  ZDj8c?8 /  M 0.76-1.07  @ e  Zj8c?8   M 0.94-1.33  @ c  Zj8c?8  M 0.80-1.13  @ a  Zj8c?8c M 0.72-1.01  @ _  ZDj8c?80c M 0.52-0.72  @ ]  Zj8c?80 M 0.47-0.67  @ [  Zj8c?8 4 Effect size @ :  Z$j8c?n  - 9.5 @ 9  Zj8c? n  - 8.0 @ 8  Zj8c?  , 6.9 @ 7  ZDj8c?@ +MCS @ 5  Zj8c?n  - 7.0 @ 4  Zj8c? n  - 5.9 @ 3  Zdj8c?  , 5.0 @ 2  Z4rp8c?@ +PCS @ 0  Zrp8c?n b  ,12.7 @ /  Zrp8c? b n  ,10.6 @ .  ZTsp8c?b  , 9.5 @ -  Zsp8c?@b  -EWB-5 @ +  Ztp8c?n / b  - 9.5 @ *  Zttp8c? / n b  - 8.0 @ )  Ztp8c?/ b  , 6.8 @ (  Z4up8c?@/ b  ,RE-3 @ &  Zup8c?n /  ,13.3 @ %  Zup8c? n /  ,11.1 @ $  ZTvp8c? /  , 9.8 @ #  Zvp8c?@ /  ,SF-2 @ !  Zwp8c?n   ,12.0 @    Ztwp8c? n  ,10.1 @   Zwp8c?  , 9.0 @   Z4xp8c?@   ,EN-4 @   Zxp8c?n   ,12.5 @   Zxp8c? n  ,10.4 @   ZTyp8c?  , 9.2 @   Zyp8c?@  ,GH-5 @   Zzp8c?n c ,10.1 @   Ztzp8c? cn  - 8.4 @   Zzp8c?c  , 7.4 @   Z4{p8c?@c ,BP-2 @   Z{p8c?n 0c G 8.3 @   Z{p8c? 0n c - 6.9 @   ZT|p8c?0 c , 6.0 @   Z|p8c?@0c ,RP-4 @    Z}p8c?n 0 - 8.2 @    Zt}p8c? n 0 - 6.9 @    Z}p8c? 0 , 5.9 @    Zq8c?@0 -PF-10 @   Ztq8c?n  Q95% SEp @   Zq8c? n  Q90% SEp @   Z4q8c?  +SEM @   Zq8c?@ 2  @xB <  Ho ?@rB =  B1 ?@rB >  B1 ?@00rB ?  B1 ?@ccrB @  B1 ?@rB A  B1 ?@  rB B  B1 ?@  rB C  B1 ?@/ / rB D  B1 ?@b b rB E  B1 ?@rB F  B1 ?@xB G  Ho ?@xB H  Ho ?@@rB I  B1 ?rB J  B1 ?  rB K  B1 ?n n rB L  B1 ?xB M  Ho ?rB t  B1 ?88H  0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L]5   55 LN 4(   r  S w|KGu   3~ 8 N 8#">2  ;  ZDx8c? +11% @ :  Zx8c?X +11% @ 9  Zy8c? X +11% @ 8  Zdy8c?  +13% @ 7  Zy8c?8 +MCS @ 6  Z$z8c?  , 7% @ 5  Zz8c?X  , 7% @ 4  Zz8c? X , 7% @ 3  ZD{8c?  + 7% @ 2  Z{8c?8  +PCS @ 1  Z|8c?h   , 4% @ 0  Zd|8c?Xh   , 6% @ /  Z|8c? h X  , 6% @ .  Z$}8c?h  + 9% @ -  Z}8c?8h   -EWB-5 @ ,  Z}8c?5 h  +15% @ +  ZD~8c?X5 h  +15% @ *  Z~8c? 5 Xh  +19% @ )  Z8c?5 h  , 19% @ (  Zd8c?85 h  ,RE-3 @ '  Z8c? 5  , 4% @ &  Z$8c?X 5  , 6% @ %  Z8c?  X5  +11% @ $  Z8c? 5  +13% @ #  Zt8c?8 5  ,SF-2 @ "  Z8c?  , 2% @ !  Z48c?X  , 2% @   Z8c? X  , 4% @   Z8c?   , 4% @   ZT8c?8  ,EN-4 @   Z8c? , 0% @   Z8c?X , 0% @   Zt8c? X , 0% @   Z8c?  , 4% @   Z48c?8 ,GH-5 @   Z8c?i , 7% @   Z8c?Xi , 9% @   ZT8c? iX +11% @   Z8c?i  +17% @   Z8c?8i ,BP-2 @   Zt8c?6i , 2% @   Z8c?X6i , 2% @   Z48c? 6Xi , 6% @   Z8c?6 i , 7% @   Z8c?86i ,RP-4 @   ZT8c?6 , 2% @   Z8c?X6 , 2% @   Z 8c? X6 , 7% @   Zt 8c? 6 , 9% @   Z 8c?86 -PF-10 @   Z4 8c? +RCI @   Z 8c?X HSEp 95 @   Z 8c? X HSEp 90 @   ZT 8c?  +SEM @   Z 8c?8 2  @xB <  Ho ?8rB =  B1 ?8rB >  B1 ?866rB ?  B1 ?8iirB @  B1 ?8rB A  B1 ?8rB B  B1 ?8  rB C  B1 ?85 5 rB D  B1 ?8h h rB E  B1 ?8  rB F  B1 ?8xB G  Ho ?8xB H  Ho ?88rB I  B1 ?rB J  B1 ?  rB K  B1 ?XXrB L  B1 ?xB M  Ho ?H  0f޽h ? 3Lܫ0L5 k5c5 LL$ 4(  $  $  fqxaxa1 ?KPu B.Proportion of 54 Cases Improving Significantly3 8 $  A!#">2  $  ZTq8c? +22% @ $  Zq8c?X +22% @ $  Zq8c? X +30% @ $  Ztq8c?  +37% @ $  Zq8c?8 +MCS @  $  Z4q8c?  +24% @  $  Zq8c?X  +24% @  $  Zq8c? 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Haysr. r. LC:\RAND Templates\Briefing Templates\On-screen presentations\Royal blue.ppt KSpritzermp367Microsoft PowerPoint 4.0g T@dٚ@i$A@&a=@0b̷G o  @&z &&#TNPP0D z & TNPP &&TNPP   z 3--- !-----s`a--j}w@ }ww0- "Arialw@3 e}ww0- . 2 mg1. . 2 mm . .2 mp 10/21/2004.--.----^/@-- --zG-- "Arialw@ }ww0- . 2 + ."Verdana@3 f}ww0- .62 baEvaluating the Significance of       . .@2 &Health-Related Quality of Life Change & $ '  !. .(2 in Individual Patients!  ! . . 2 :jR#."Verdana@ }ww0- .2 :on Hays %."Arialw@3 g}ww0- .2 iCdrhays. . 2 i@%. . 2 iucla . . 2 i0. . . 2 i:edua.--G-- "Arialw@ }ww0- .2 VOctober 8, 2004!   . .=2 \$UCLA GIM/HSR Research Seminar Series ! #   #   .--"System 0-&TNPP &՜.+,D՜.+,p,    35mm Slides `1 *Times New RomanArialSymbolNewCenturySchlbkVerdanaArial Unicode MSComic Sans MS WingdingsTimes Royal blueMicrosoft Graph 97 ChartMicrosoft Equation 3.0{ Evaluating the Significance of Health-Related Quality of Life Change in Individual Patients Ron Hays drhays@ucla.edu Motivation#UCLA Center for East-West MedicineBased on Submitted PaperMethodsSF-36 Version 2 Scoring the SF-36)Internal Consistency Reliability FormulaSF-36 Reliability Estimates Physical HealthMental HealthSF-36 Version 2 PCS and MCSNo Slide Title$Reliability of SF-36 Summary ScoresAnalysis Plant-test for within group change/Formulas for Significance of Individual Change%Estimated True Score for Score of 60Reliable Change IndexNo Slide Title*Minimum Delta for Individual SignificanceNo Slide Title!Change in SF-36 Scores Over TimeSignificance of Group ChangeBAmount of Change in Observed Score Needed for Significant Change/Proportion of 54 Cases Declining SignificantlyNo Slide TitleNo Slide Title Questions Bibliography  Fonts Used Design TemplateEmbedded OLE Servers Slide Titles 6> _PID_GUIDAN{4556C5C0-16A3-4518-A082-F97C6DF78AC1}Root EntrydO)EȆ@PicturesCMCurrent User)SummaryInformation(!_ KSpritzer  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)PicturesCMCurrent UserSummaryInformation(PowerPoint Document(DocumentSummaryInformation8